Introduction
The academic fields ofmarketing, communication and advertising have studied advertising models' beauty extensively (Dickinson-Delaporte et al., 2014; Joseph, 1982; Otterbring, 2019). Because attractive persons are perceived as trustworthy, desirable and aspirational (Joseph, 1982), and are associated with other positive characteristics, such as friendliness, strength and independence (Perlini et al., 1999), portraying attractive female models in advertising communications is often assumed to increase advertising effectiveness.
Nevertheless, various studies have reported that the portrayal of highly attractive models may backfire as a result of, for example, social comparison-based jealousy experienced by the viewer of the advertisement (Bower, 2001), ethical concerns about...