Introduction and literature review
Every survey data collection method has its pros and cons. Several studies have compared web surveys with other modes of data collection (e.g., see Kreuter, Presser, & Tourangeau, 2008; Liu & Wang, 2015, 2016), and they generally conclude that while web surveys can elicit more honest and less socially desirable responses, the level of a web respondent's engagement is lower than in interviewer-administered surveys. Satisficing theory was often cited to explain this phenomenon (Krosnick, 1991). When responding to survey questions, rather than going through a deep mental process and coming up with an optimal answer, some...