Attitudinal Effects of Combined Sponsorship and Sponsor's Prominence on Basketball in Europe
Thierry LardinoitESSEC, France andPascale G. Quester University of Adelaide,Australia
Sponsorship achieved unprecedented growth in the 1980s, with current worldwide sponsorships estimated to reach USD 22 billion (16thannual projection from IEG Inc., 2000). Moreover, recent professional reports (UDA, 1996) show that 75% of marketing practitioners favor further developments of this communication tool. At the same time, many also appear to question the actual effectiveness of sponsorship (Abel and Long, 1996) and more than 65% of sponsors consider sponsorship as increasingly expensive (Lardinoit, 1996)....