How does online advertising become less effective than advertisers expect and less effective than measurements indicate? The current research explores problems that result, in part, from malfeasance by outside perpetrators who overstate their efforts to increase their measured performance.
Pitfalls and Fraud in Online Advertising Metrics
Benjamin Edelman
Harvard Business School
INTRODUCTION
A century after retail pioneer John Wanamaker wondered which half of his advertising spending was wasted, advertisers have reason to think that a solution...