Introduction
During the last decade, the Internet penetration rate and the ownership of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, have increased continuously. According to the Pew Research Center (2018a, 2018b), this trend applies to most countries, but especially to developing countries. Simultaneously, the number of respondents taking part in web surveys using mobile devices, particularly smartphones, has increased (Revilla, Toninelli, Ochoa, & Loewe, 2016).1 One reason for this phenomenon might be that people have their smartphone with them most of the time.
The rise of smartphones in web survey responding is accompanied by a large body of...