Correlation, causation and smoking in action among youths

Expanded consideration of a variety of concepts and methods, from associative learning to econometrics, lends further support to the accumulated consensus that tobacco advertising plays a role, with other factors, in inducing young people to smoke.

Correlation, Causation, And Smoking Initiation Among Youths

Marvin E. Goldberg Penn State University

TRIANGULATION AND CAUSALITY

In critiquing my article 'American Media and the Smoking-related Behavior of Asian Adoles­cents' (Goldberg. 2003). both Taylor and Bonner (2003) and Reitter (2003) have ignored the logic associated with the research strategy of triangula­tion. Reitter suggests that my purpose in conduct­ing a correlational study was to 'supplement and give additional precision' to a study using an experimental design that can lay claim to...

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