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<title>Journal of Advertising Research</title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/</link>
<description>The Journal of Advertising Research is the R&amp;D vehicle for professionals in all areas of marketing including media, research, advertising and communications. Published for The ARF by the World Advertising Research Center.</description>
<copyright>World Advertising Research Center Ltd 2008</copyright>
<lastBuildDate>Mon, 10 September 2007 12:50:00 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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<editor>Editor@warc.com</editor>
<webmaster>webmaster@warc.com</webmaster>
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<title><![CDATA[Editorial: One Size Does Not Fit All, Or Does It?]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88083</link>
<author>Marissa Sison</author>
<description><![CDATA[Editorial of JAR 48,2 2008, discussing and introducing the issue's theme of multicultural marketing.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Management Slant]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88084</link>
<author></author>
<description><![CDATA[Provides a bullet-point summary of key learnings and conclusions from the main articles in JAR issue 48,2 2008.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Viewpoint: Multicultural Marketing and the Reasons Why]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88085</link>
<author>Felipe Korzenny</author>
<description><![CDATA[Are Hispanics multicultural? Are African-Americans multicultural? Are Asians multicultural? These are vexing questions because none of these identities are multicultural. It is the collection of them that make for a multicultural society.This article aims to clarify what multicultural marketing is, and identify some of the trends in the emerging marketing scheme. It argues that multicultural consumers are those claiming multiple cultures in their background, or who are part of a growing body of culturally diverse individuals who engage in consumer behavior. While there may be a degree of melding between cultures, races and ethnic groups, and in sharing common experiences, multicultural marketing will continue to grow. Such is the case particularly because multiculturalism, for the time being, is at the helm of technology adoption, and thus marketers should think about it as fundamental in driving future revenues and profits. As these culturally unique markets grow, they will also become more demanding because they have learned that they have power. Marketers need to serve them in their style, language, and value scheme.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Viewpoint: Use and Abuse of Cultural Elements in Multicultural Advertising]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88086</link>
<author>David Burgos</author>
<description><![CDATA[This article discusses the use of cultural elements in advertising aimed at minority segments. While the evidence suggests that this sort of advertising can help marketers get their message across, it also appears that either misuse or overuse can negatively affect consumers' perceptions of brands. As such, advertisers must make sure that their multicultural advertising is based first and foremost of engaging and culturally relevant content, which is more important than a culturally relevant format. Communicating the key brand attributes has to be the primary goal - only then should advertisers look at doing so more effectively in a culturally relevant way.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Hispanic Ethnicity and Media Behavior]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88087</link>
<author>Ricardo Villarreal and Robert A. Peterson</author>
<description><![CDATA[This article argues that there is a difference between being Hispanic and possessing Hispanic ethnicity, with the former being a demographic characteristic and the latter a psychological construct. An empirical study of Hispanics revealed the existence of four distinct Hispanic ethnicity segments. The four segments were labeled Strong Hispanics, A-Symbolic Hispanics, Symbolic Hispanics, and Weak Hispanics. The segments were found to possess similar demographic characteristics, but different media preferences and behaviors. Several theoretical and practical implications arising from the study results are discussed.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Targeting a Minority without Alienating the Majority: Advertising to Gays and Lesbians n Mainstream Media]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88088</link>
<author>Gillain K. Oakenfull, Michael S. McCarthy and Timothy B. Greenlee</author>
<description><![CDATA[Although marketers generally consider homosexuals to be a desirable market segment, they are not targeted using mainstream media because it is expected that heterosexuals will react negatively to homosexual advertising messages. However, this study found that consumers' response to heterosexual or homosexual advertising content was affected by the type of homosexual imagery used in the advertisement and the gender and sexual orientation of the consumer viewing the advertisement. The findings indicate that marketers advertising to homosexual consumers using the mainstream media should use advertising incorporating gay and lesbian subcultural symbolism whenever possible.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[The Effectiveness of Using a Global Look in an Asian Market]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88089</link>
<author>Chingching Chang</author>
<description><![CDATA[Adopting a global look has been an important strategy for marketing in multinational and local markets. This research explored the use of two global-look strategies in Taiwanese advertising: the use of Western models and English brand names. First, a content analysis revealed that Western models were used to promote products in 46.81 percent of magazine advertisements, whereas English brands were featured in 53.90 percent of the advertisements. Variables such as distribution area and product categories were shown to influence the use of these strategies. Second, an experiment examined the advantages and disadvantages of adopting global-look strategies in advertising. The use of Western models and English brand names enhanced the perceived globalness of the brand and encouraged participants to infer that the product originated from a developed Western country. However, a global look is not always persuasive. On the one hand, using Western models enhanced the perceived quality of the product. On the other hand, participants showed an &#8220;in-group bias&#8221; by rating products with Chinese brand names, as opposed to English brand names, higher on brand friendliness, brand trust, self-brand connections, and brand liking. The findings are discussed in terms of the implications for marketing.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Television Advertising in the Arab World: A Status Report]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88090</link>
<author>Morris Kalliny, Grace Dagher, Michael S. Minor and Gilberto de los Santos</author>
<description><![CDATA[This article reviews the current status of advertising in the Arab world with special attention given to television advertising. After providing a review of the literature and the status of television advertising, we provide the results ofa content analysis dealing with various cultural values used in television advertising in various countries in the Arab world. This article points out that the potential for television advertising is enormous due to the proliferation of satellite television across the Arab world. This study finds that despite the common belief that the Arab world is vastly different from the United States, there are some similarities between the two in television advertising.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Culturally Customizing Websites for U.S. Hispanic Online Consumers]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88091</link>
<author>Nitish Singh, Daniel W. Baack, Arun Pereira and Donald Baack</author>
<description><![CDATA[The U.S. Hispanic online market consists of the most affluent and educated members of the U.S. Hispanic population. The segment is large, increasing in size, and its members prefer culturally-adapted marketing messages. Currently, no frameworks are available to help marketers culturally customize websites for U.S. Hispanics. The objective of this study is to address this gap. The goals are to identify the ways in which Hispanic preferences for web design elements differ, and to explore how these preferences vary based on acculturation. The results indicate that Hispanics have culturally-rooted preferences for web content and that acculturation levels are important segmentation variables.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Television Attitudes and TV Types of African-Americans, Latinos, and Caucasians]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88092</link>
<author>Terri C. Albert and Randy D. Jacobs</author>
<description><![CDATA[The growing influence of ethnic minorities and convergence of television with other communication technologies raises an important issue: are ethnic viewers different in their television attitudes and degree of technology acceptance and, if so, what are the implications for broadcasters and advertisers? This nationally representative study of 871 adult African-Americans, Latinos, and Caucasians revealed significant ethnic differences in the adoption of communication technologies, television programming preferences, and an established TV-type segmentation. Further analysis identified disparities in specific television and technology attitudes. Recommendations are offered for television programmers and advertisers to consider in targeting viewer segments based on their television and technology beliefs.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Collecting Hidden Consumer Data Online: Research on Homosexuals]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88093</link>
<author>Felicitas Morhart, Walter Herzog and Sven Henkel</author>
<description><![CDATA[Collecting highly private data from consumers with nonapparent or even hidden characteristics, such as homosexuals, is difficult for two reasons: First, the resulting data sets are rather small and nonrepresentative due to reachability and nonresponse problems. Second, data quality is often unsatisfying, for example, due to social desirability problems. To handle these problems, we recommend an online research strategy. We make our case by reporting on a Germany-wide online study on homosexuals where we applied a three-step procedure for recruiting participants. We were successful in generating a sample of considerable size n = 6,274 and heterogeneity, and in obtaining high-quality responses. Implications for marketing researchers and advertising professionals are provided.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Children's Responses to Gender-Role Stereotyped Advertisements]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88094</link>
<author>Aysen Bakir, Jeffrey G. Blodgett and Gregory M. Rose</author>
<description><![CDATA[Research indicates that adult's gender-role perceptions can influence their responses toward different types of advertising appeals; however, it is not known whether the same is true for young children. Given that children's gender-role stereotypes vary across both age and gender, it is possible that their responses toward different types of advertisements might also vary. Accordingly, this study examines whether preadolescent boys and girls differ in their attitudes toward advertisements that incorporate agentic or communal gender-role attributes. The results are managerially relevant. The findings suggest that marketers can target young boys and girls with a common set of advertisements. However, advertisements should convey agentic themes when targeted toward older preadolescent girls, and communal themes when targeted toward younger preadolescent girls. Considering that children represent a large and growing consumer segment this issue deserves greater attention.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Why Do Advertisers Use Puns? A Linguistic Perspective]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88095</link>
<author>Elmira Djararova</author>
<description><![CDATA[This article explores the role and interpretation processes of puns in print advertising. The function of punning wordplay in advertising varies from double meanings to humorous effects. Textual analysis based on a pragmatic approach branch of linguistics demonstrates how advertisements with the use of punning can be interpreted within the context. A combination of qualitative content analysis and pragmatics reveals that the ambiguous meanings of puns can be interpreted by the audience according to their background and inferential knowledge. This article contributes to the theoretical knowledge of advertising and its creativity by applying the linguistic approach to this research area. This study attempts to show how texts can reveal some interesting and important issues within advertising communication, which in its turn can generate some further discussions.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Exploring the Audience's Role: A Decoding Model for the 21st Century]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88096</link>
<author>Alexandra J. Kenyon, Anthony Parsons and Emma H. Wood</author>
<description><![CDATA[This article uses empirical research, with young aged 16&#8211;21 advertising audiences, to build upon existing communication theory in a number of ways. First, it summarizes meaning-based models that have developed over time by increasing the importance of the audience's role. Second, it advances communication theory by introducing a new meaning-based model appropriate to the 21st century audience. The model is constructed from the theoretical concepts of personal self, social circle, popular culture, and inherited culture. The model provides a framework that industry practitioners and academic scholars can use to consider how anterior texts help young people decode meaning from advertisements.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Predicting Premium Proneness]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88097</link>
<author>Gerard P. Prendergast, Alex S. L. Tsang and Derek T.Y. Poon</author>
<description><![CDATA[A premium is a free gift offered to consumers when they purchase a product, and marketers in many product categories are using them as a sales promotional tool. That consumers should be prone to buying products with premiums, therefore, is of obvious importance to marketers. This study investigated deal proneness, compulsive-buying tendency, time pressure, and variety-seeking tendency as predictors of premium proneness. The results of a survey with a sample of consumers suggest that all the factors, except time pressure, predict premium proneness. Recommendations are made for marketers regarding how to capitalize on these drivers of premium proneness in order to maximize the marketing impact of their premium-based promotions.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Book review: Super Crunchers: Why Thinking-by-Numbers Is the New Way to Be Smart]]></title>
<link>http://www.jar.warc.com/articles/TOC.asp?ArticleID=88098</link>
<author>Mike Cooke</author>
<description><![CDATA[A book review of Super Crunchers: Why Thinking-by-Numbers Is the New Way to Be Smart, Ian Ayres, Bantam Books, August 2007, ISBN: 9780553805406, $25.00 hard cover, 272 pp.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Jun 2008</pubDate>
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