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<title>International Journal of Advertising</title>
<link>http://www.internationaljournalofadvertising.com/</link>
<description>The International Journal of Advertising (IJA) publishes original contributions on all aspects of marketing communications from the academic, practitioner and public policy perspectives.</description>
<copyright>World Advertising Research Center Ltd 2008</copyright>
<lastBuildDate>Mon, 10 September 2007 12:50:00 GMT</lastBuildDate>
<generator>World Advertising Research Center</generator>
<editor>Editor@warc.com</editor>
<webmaster>webmaster@warc.com</webmaster>
<ttl>5</ttl>
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<title><![CDATA[Editorial]]></title>
<link>http://www.warc.com/articles/IJA.asp?ID=88402</link>
<author>Douglas West</author>
<description><![CDATA[Editorial of IJA Vol. 27, No. 4, by Professor Douglas West.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Sep 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Brand placement in novels: a test of the generation effect]]></title>
<link>http://www.warc.com/articles/IJA.asp?ID=88403</link>
<author>Ian Brennan</author>
<description><![CDATA[A key proposition of resource matching theory is that the cognitive challenge presented by a message execution should meet rather than exceed or fall short of the level of cognitive resources that the recipient is prepared to expend. A number of generation effect studies under incidental learning conditions indicate that the cognitive challenge presented by omitting letters from a word may enhance recall for the word. Within the context of brand placements in a novel, this study uses both the resource matching and generation effect frameworks to hypothesise the effects on brand recall of manipulating the cognitive challenge presented by the format of a brand placement &#8211; a fragment of a brand name versus a complete brand name. The results of two experiments indicate that mild fragmentation the omission of a single letter in a brand name induces higher levels of brand recall than either a severely fragmented or complete brand name. Study limitations as well as implications for the practice of brand placement in novels and other media are discussed.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Sep 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[An inside-out approach to integrated marketing communication: an international analysis]]></title>
<link>http://www.warc.com/articles/IJA.asp?ID=88404</link>
<author>Gayle Kerr, Don Schultz, Charles H Patti and Ilchul Kim</author>
<description><![CDATA[The &#8216;inside-out' approach used in this paper describes the implied educators' perceptions of integrated marketing communication IMC. From an analysis of 87 IMC course syllabi from six countries, and in-depth conversations with IMC programme directors and developers, we sought to determine whether those who teach IMC have reached a consensus on what IMC is; whether they embrace, reject or simply tolerate this new discipline area; and, specifically, how they are presenting IMC to the next generation of practitioners and scholars. The findings suggest that what is being taught around the world continues to be what would traditionally be considered promotions strategy, advertising management or marketing communication with minor IMC theory or content. For the most part, the syllabi we evaluated neither drew from the key constructs of IMC, nor were the key writers and published disciplinary research included in the course offerings. This gap &#8211; between what IMC writers have put forth, the established industry practices and what is being taught to the next generation of practitioners and academics &#8211; presents a significant challenge. This is a particular challenge to the scholars and teachers who are charged with the responsibility of encouraging best practices, presenting the most current and relevant applications and research approaches, and including the most current theory in their course delivery.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Sep 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Music-brand congruency in highand low-cognition radio advertising]]></title>
<link>http://www.warc.com/articles/IJA.asp?ID=88405</link>
<author>Anne M. Lavack, Mrugank V. Thakor and Ingrid Bottausci</author>
<description><![CDATA[Many radio commercials use background music to accompany a message. This research examines how brand-congruent music i.e. music that &#8216;fits' the brand will affect &#8216;Attitude towards the Ad' AAd and &#8216;Attitude towards the Brand' ABrand, specifically when used with different types of ad copy that are more or less demanding of cognitive resources high-cognition vs low-cognition advertising copy. In high-cognition ads, congruent music results in a more positive AAd and ABrand compared to incongruent music or no music. However, this effect is not found with low-cognition ads, where AAd and ABrand are similar for all three conditions of congruent music, incongruent music and no music.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Sep 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[An integrated model of advertising clutter in offline and online media]]></title>
<link>http://www.warc.com/articles/IJA.asp?ID=88406</link>
<author>Louisa Ha and Kim McCann</author>
<description><![CDATA[The rapid growth of online advertising raises concerns about advertising clutter in the online media environment. This paper proposes an integrated model of advertising clutter that addresses the unique characteristics of the online media environment. We review the structural, information processing and functional approaches to advertising clutter, and integrate these approaches into a new comprehensive framework that explains consumer response to advertising clutter by differentiating consumer-centred analysis from media-centred analysis. The differences between online media and offline media are compared in terms of audience control and advertiser control. Attitudes towards advertising in general and in specific media contexts, and task orientations are introduced as mediating factors that affect the perception of and the subsequent response to advertising clutter. This paper offers a set of propositions on the factors affecting perception of advertising clutter, the relationship between physical characteristics and perception of advertising clutter, and how perception of clutter creates negative advertising effects. Managerial and theoretical implications of this framework are discussed.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Sep 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Client following revisited: a study of transnational advertising agencies in China]]></title>
<link>http://www.warc.com/articles/IJA.asp?ID=88407</link>
<author>Fanny S.L. Cheung, Hafiz Mirza and Wing-fai Leung</author>
<description><![CDATA[Client following is considered the major motivation of professional businesses for entering a foreign market. However, client following alone cannot explain why a company chooses foreign direct investment FDI rather than other entry modes, such as exporting or franchising. It cannot explain how a transnational advertising agency TNAA can compete with local firms in an unfamiliar environment. This paper applies the ownership&#8211;location&#8211;internalisation OLI model to gain a more thorough understanding of the motives of TNAAs for entering China. The results support the notion that the presence of clients i.e. client following is the major motive, but only part of the story: it is the most important advantage of location. On the other hand, &#8216;competent personnel' is the key advantage of ownership, while &#8216;ensuring quality control' is the principal advantage of internalisation. Internalising their operations in China was seen as a better economic choice for foreign agencies, rather than merely exporting or establishing a franchise. Surprisingly, neither the importance of avoiding the dissipation of tactical knowledge as an advantage of internalisation nor the importance of company size as an ownership advantage was supported by the TNAAs.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Sep 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Visual and verbal rhetoric in advertising: the case of &#8216;resonance']]></title>
<link>http://www.warc.com/articles/IJA.asp?ID=88408</link>
<author>Vlasis Stathakopoulos, Ioannis G. Theodorakis and Eleni Mastoridou</author>
<description><![CDATA[There has been a growing stream of research focusing on the application of rhetorical figures in advertising. Resonance, a rhetorical figure based on a visual&#8211;verbal interaction, is the issue of interest in the present paper. Specifically, we conducted two experiments in order to explore consumers' responses towards resonance as well as test its limits in terms of visual&#8211;verbal incongruity. According to our results, resonance influences consumers in a positive manner. However, care should be taken with regard to the extent of applied incongruity between the visual and verbal elements on which resonance is grounded. A higher degree of incongruity is most likely to generate negative results.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Sep 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Comments - The quant&#8211;qual debate: where are we in advertising?]]></title>
<link>http://www.warc.com/articles/IJA.asp?ID=88409</link>
<author>Arthur J. Kover, Les Carlson and John Ford</author>
<description><![CDATA[This Comments section discusses the quant-qual debate, a long-running discussion in the discipline of advertising, but also a division which is essentially problematic, as good research requires a combination of both qual and quant techniques. In this article, Les Carlson and Arthur Kover both approach the discussion from the standpoint of the need to expand our understanding of the nature of research. They also both argue for the need for balance, a strategy which is in the industry's best interests, as it allows for the production of results that provide both insights and distributions.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Sep 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Book review - Advertising Works 16]]></title>
<link>http://www.warc.com/articles/IJA.asp?ID=88410</link>
<author>Dominic Twose</author>
<description><![CDATA[A book review of Advertising Works 16, Richard Storey ed. 2008, WARC/IPA.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Sep 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Book review - Powers of Persuasion: The Inside Story of British Advertising]]></title>
<link>http://www.warc.com/articles/IJA.asp?ID=88411</link>
<author>Tim Ambler</author>
<description><![CDATA[A book review of Powers of Persuasion: The Inside Story of British Advertising, by Winston Fletcher 2008, Oxford University Press.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Sep 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Book review - Always On: Advertising, Marketing and Media in an Era of Consumer Control]]></title>
<link>http://www.warc.com/articles/IJA.asp?ID=88412</link>
<author>Stephanie O'Donohoe</author>
<description><![CDATA[A book review of Always On: Advertising, Marketing and Media in an Era of Consumer Control, by Christopher Vollmer with Geoffrey Precourt 2008, McGraw-Hill.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Sep 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Ex Libris]]></title>
<link>http://www.warc.com/articles/IJA.asp?ID=88413</link>
<author>Wendy Gordon</author>
<description><![CDATA[In this article, Wendy Gordon, co-founder of Acacia Avenue, discusses the books which have helped her gain an insight intowhy human beings do what they do. These vary from feminist works like Fat is a Feminist Issue by Susie Orbach and Passages by Gail Sheehey to Alice Miller's Drama of the Gifted Child and Richard Semler's Maverick, which argued that companies should be organised in a matrix structure to maximise both innovation and work&#8211;life balance. Among her other recommendations are Barack Obama's autobiography Dreams From My Father, which touches on intriguing themes such as the parental, familial, tribal and cultural influences that shape everyone, as well as issues of identity and life-stage.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Sep 2008</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Global economy and adspend prospects]]></title>
<link>http://www.warc.com/articles/IJA.asp?ID=88414</link>
<author>Colin Macleod</author>
<description><![CDATA[IJA's regular discussion and round-up of the current and forecasted condition of worldwide advertising expenditure.]]></description>
<pubDate>1 Sep 2008</pubDate>
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