Summary
In this paper we explore the validity of using chronological age as a primary targeting factor. We show that the majority of people do not identify with their own chronological age group, perceiving themselves to belong to a younger age group. We explore how this varies across the age ranges, and identify the attitudinal and behavioural factors that determine how old (or young) people see themselves as. We then go on to demonstrate how our perceived age construct has been used to understand the way people consume and, in this case, how they consume TV and radio, using real data from the BBC.

Summary
With the continued popularity of reality television among young viewers, it is vital to identify pre-teen and teen audiences who not only watch a reality program but have a high level of connectedness to it. Connectedness extends beyond just viewing the program and involves further engagement—posting on social networking sites, for instance, or buying products placed on the show. The authors report on a study that incorporated a national Harris Online survey of 1,098 preteens and teens in the United States to identify psycho-demographic groups that are likely to have high connectedness to reality programming. The findings will help network programmers and advertisers to make more effective decisions related to scheduling, media buying, product placements, and social-networking strategies.

Summary
This summary from the Advertising Research Foundation offers an overview of recent research and debate related to the topic of contextual relevance in TV advertising.

Summary
One of a number of expert reviews of the U.S. media scene produced in March 2003, and looking at 2003/4. This one looks at the growth of syndicated TV programmes, and the opportunities they provide for TV buyers.

Summary
Bella Thomas' analysis of western TV sheds some long-standing myths and has definite implications for marketers. Drawing on a range of different studies, she argues that as a country becomes more prosperous and can exercise choice, its demand for local, indigenous programming increases. She concludes that globalisation has given the world TV formats, but not content.

Summary
This paper outlines the advantages of television syndication and suggests that many advertisers are unaware of the value of the medium. Comparisons are made with cable television with the author asserting that syndication rivals cable in its ability to provide specialised programming aimed at reaching targeted audiences. The author suggests that education, along with a continued development of quality programming, will enhance its position as a respected and valued component of the television industry.

Summary
In early 2001, the author looks at the challenges and opportunities for domestic television in the USA - especially in the light of station consolidations and programme syndication.

Summary
In early 2000, the author looks at the challenges and opportunities for ad-supported syndicated programs in the USA - especially its rapid growth, day-part strengths and 18-34 targeting.

Summary
This report from the President of the newly formed Syndicated Network Television Association outlines the four reasons for using syndicated TV in the USA - namely, program quality, targetability, reach and negotiating leverage.

Summary
Programme barter, the exchange of programmes for advertising airtime, is growing in step with TV's fragmentation and cost pressures to broadcasters. The players now include advertisers and agencies, as well as producers. While not yet as substantial a business in Europe as in the USA, it could amount to 3 or 4% of programme expenditure by 1995. This paper explains the benefits to those involved, regulatory and other peculiarities across Europe, and some recent details.