Summary
This study assesses the creative attributes that drive online viral viewing of TV advertising. The analysis is based on 102 video ads from the UK and US, which were shown on TV and also online. Results show that established advertising pre-test measures such as enjoyment, involvement and branding, which predict ability to generate offline TV advertising awareness, can also predict ability to generate viral viewings. In addition, distinctiveness and perceived likelihood to pass along to others are identified as key determinants of viral viewing. Where celebrities appear within the advertising, this also plays a significant role. Category and brand interest do not appear to play a significant role. This strongly suggests that existing advertising pre-test tools such as the Millward Brown LinkTM solution can be successfully used to understand the viral potential of advertising, as long as tailored questions and analytic approaches are developed to allow for the viral viewing environment. The role of other non-creative factors, and implications for marketers, are also discussed.

Summary
The authors find that appeals for charity that evoke personal nostalgia will have an effect on the charitable-donation intentions of consumers. In study 1 (with 103 respondents), nostalgic charity appeals evoke higher levels of emotions and donation intentions than non-nostalgic appeals. Study 2 (457 respondents) indicates that this effect is moderated by the consumer’s propensity towards being nostalgic. In study 3 (sample: 186 consumers), the effect of nostalgia emotions and intentions is, in turn, moderated by the importance of the memory evoked. Nostalgia-based charity appeals work better when they evoke important memories for the consumer. The results indicate that advertising/fund-raising professionals can effectively use nostalgia to stimulate donations.

Summary
“Pro bono” programs, long associated with the legal industry, have become formal service offerings of a number of advertising agencies. Using grounded theory to observe discussion in the industry literature, this study identifies the various types of pro bono work and the advantages and disadvantages of having such a client. From the findings, it appears that although an agency may want to be seen as a good citizen for doing this kind of work, there are also definite business reasons for helping a nonprofit organization. Among them are creating fresh creative opportunities, motivating staff, gaining exposure, increasing agency profile/prestige, and attracting paying clients.

Summary
A discussion of Andrew Ehrenberg, recently deceased at time of writing. Mentions an article by Ehrenberg in the first issue of JAR in 1961, and others of the 20 papers written by him for the journal over the years. These include "Repetitive Advertising and the Consumer", from 1974, which showed that advertising works "not by persuasion or manipulation (through either emotional or rational mechanisms) but largely by reinforcing existing propensities". Meanwhile, "Advertising: Strongly Persuasive or Nudging?", from 1997, provided empirical evidence of what Ehrenberg termed consumers' "polygamous loyalty". Summing up, Sharp defines the "Ehrenbergian view" as placing "much greater importance on creativity, on branding, on understanding memory structures".

Summary
A survey was conducted of 104 U.S. advertising-agency media directors regarding current practices in media-schedule evaluations—for both offline and online media—and the application and perceptions of reach-and-frequency estimation models. Results suggest that traditional exposure-based criteria such as reach-and-frequency distribution remain important and often are used in evaluations of offline media schedules. For online media, however, a majority of agencies rely on qualitative assessments followed by cost-based criteria or Internet-specific measures (page views). The findings also indicate decreased levels of satisfaction with computerized reach-and-frequency estimation models compared to media directors in the mid-1990s. The authors urge continuous validation of model accuracy and development of new reach-and-frequency estimation models.

Summary
This paper examines the use of single-source, survey-based targeting data to complement ratings data for television media planning. We argue that the essence of targeting rests in determining the relative concentration of product users in various media audiences. This product-media concentration reflects the motivation and lifestyles of product and media users and is unlikely to vary significantly over time or across markets. Using data from SMRB, we argue that the product-media selectivity captured in the selectivity-index can be combined with conventionally measured ratings data to accurately estimate target market ratings. These, in turn, can be used for more accurate, cost-efficient television media planning.

Summary
In 2008, the Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) commissioned a study of the reliability and validity of the predominant methods used to assess Internet advertising effectiveness (IAE). The evaluation was conducted by an expert research methodologist who had no prior association with the IAB or any of the IAE measurement companies (IAB 2010). The study concluded that the methods that were evaluated have uncertain reliability and validity due to (1) an almost exclusive use of quasi-experimental designs with non-equivalent comparison groups, (2) extremely low response rates that likely lead to non-ignorable nonresponse bias, and (3) weighting methods that have not been shown to actually 'fix' the problems they strive to address.

Summary
This study seeks to optimize media allocation and discuss the role of online in consumer packaged goods (CPG) marketing. To this end, the authors explore in depth three CPG subcategories: beauty care, home care, and beverages. By doing so, the authors seek to accomplish the following: • Provide a better understanding of how the various media vehicles available to consumer packaged goods (CPG) marketers work together • Demonstrate the need to move beyond traditional views and measurements of marketing • Explore the impacts each marketing driver has on sales and understand how they work together • Illuminate the power of the Internet in an overall marketing campaign.

Summary
The relative impact of placement and audience characteristics on product placement recall is assessed with survey data from 3,532 individuals who viewed a DVD movie rental the previous day. Eleven American movies were selected and the executional characteristics of 88 placements therein were coded. Viewing the movie on a large screen emerged as the most important factor on recall: in addition to its main effect, it increases the positive impact of visual characteristics of the placement. Another key finding is the detrimental effect of multiple simultaneous placements: Not only do they reduce placement recall, they eliminate the otherwise positive impact of a placement's level of plot integration and auditory mention.

Summary
The current study explores the impact of in-store video advertising, which has been developing quickly but has been little researched. The study consists of three field studies that examine the effectiveness of this medium. Study 1 utilized a head-mounted mini-camera to identify the extent to which in-store video advertising appeared in consumers' field of view. Study 2 evaluated recall and recognition of in-store video advertising. Finally, Study 3 manipulated the format of in-store video advertising to identify factors that might enhance recognition. Data reveal that, despite relatively brief exposure, in-store video advertising can be effective in generating increased recall, recognition, brand familiarity, and purchase intention.